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Rev. Hosp. Matern. Infant. Ramon Sarda ; 27(4): 155-158, 2008. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-572747

ABSTRACT

El riesgo de alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo es elevado en prematuros de muy bajo peso al nacer, más si se asocia a riesgo ambiental. Su monitoreo interdisciplinario a largo plazo permite disminuir su vulnerabilidad, detectar handicaps, vehiculizar su resolución y/o tratamiento y mejorar su evolución. Se presenta un estudio descriptivo, analítico y transversal que se refiere al desarrollo psicomotor de niños de 3 años controlados en el Programa de Seguimiento de la Maternidad “Ramón Sardá”. Se relaciona el Puntaje Total de Desarrollo del Test de Desarrollo Psicomotor Infantil de 2 a 5 años (TEPSI, Haeussler M. et al.) con morbilidad temprana y factores socioculturales. La muestra incluyó a 56 niños nacidos durante 2000-2001 a la edad promedio de 3 años. Se analizaron datos de morbilidad perinatal (peso de nacimiento, edad gestacional, patologías severas) y socioculturales (edad y educación materna, crianza sola, estabilidad laboral y nivel socio-económico). Se excluyeron niños con síndromes genéticos o infecciones intrauterinas. Resultados: en el 76 por ciento (43/56) del TEPSI (>=40), 87,5 por ciento. (49/56) en Coordinación, 73 por ciento (41/56) en Lenguaje y 68 por ciento (38/56) en Motora los puntajes fueron normales. Hubo asociación significativa entre DBP o ROP y bajo score en el TEPSI. Conclusiones: Algunas patologías severas casi exclusivas de prematuros, más frecuentes a menor edad gestacional y no resueltas al alta neonatal, comprometen el desarrollo y se relacionan significativamente con Puntaje TEPSI en riesgo/retraso (<40) y probables problemas durante la escolaridad que requieren programas de intervención adecuados.


The risk of neurodevelopment deficiencies is high in very low birth weight premature infants, especially if they are environmentally challenged. These children require a multidisciplinary approach to detect their vulnerability and disabilities, as well as for better diagnosis and treatment, and in the long run to improve their development. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between the psychomotor development, birth morbidity (birth weight, gestational age and severe diseases) and socio-cultural factors (mother' s age, mother' s level of education, single mother, working income, uncovered basic needs). This descriptive cross sectional study included 56, 2 to 5 year old preterm children who were born in 2000-2001 and were participating in a follow up program at this hospital (HMIRS). Children with genetics syndromes and intrauterine infections were excluded. The psychomotor test used was Test de Desarrollo Psicomotor Infantil de 2 a 5 años (TEPSI, Haeussler M. y cols.). Results: 76 per cent of the children obtained a normal TEPSI score (>=40). The score was normal for coordination, speech and motor are as in 87.5 per cent, 73 per cent, and 68 per cent respectively. There was a significant association between DBP or ROP and a low TEPSI score. Conclusions: Certain pathologies are unique to premature children. The lower the gestational age the greater their prevalence. These affect the children development and are significantly associated to TEPSI lower scores, and may predict learning problems in the long run. Therefore, an adequate and early intervention is required.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child Development , Infant, Premature , Motor Skills Disorders/diagnosis , Motor Skills Disorders/epidemiology , Motor Skills Disorders/therapy , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Hospitals, Maternity , Hospitals, Municipal , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Perinatal Care , Psychological Tests , Psychomotor Performance , Socioeconomic Factors
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